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Carol M. (United States of America)
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Full list of words from this list:

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  1. amino acid
    organic compounds containing an amino group and acid group
    Proteins are long chains containing as many as 20 different kinds of amino acids.
  2. genome
    the full DNA sequence of an organism
    WHAT IS A GENOME?
  3. type B
    the blood group whose red cells carry the B antigen
    So, the possible allele combinations result in a particular blood type in this way:rnOO = blood type OrnAO = blood type ArnBO = blood type BrnAB = blood type ABrnAA = blood type ArnBB = blood type BrnrnYou can see that a person with blood type B may have a B and an O allele, or they may have two B alleles.
  4. mutant gene
    a gene that has changed so that the normal transmission and expression of a trait is affected
    The individual in whom such a nonpenetrant mutant gene exists will be phenotypically normal but still capable of passing the deleterious gene on to offspring, who may exhibit the full-blown disease.
  5. type AB
    the blood group whose red cells carry both the A and B antigens
    So, the possible allele combinations result in a particular blood type in this way:rnOO = blood type OrnAO = blood type ArnBO = blood type BrnAB = blood type ABrnAA = blood type ArnBB = blood type BrnrnYou can see that a person with blood type B may have a B and an O allele, or they may have two B alleles.
  6. genetic code
    the ordering of nucleotides in DNA molecules that carries the genetic information in living cells
    The genetic code carried by DNA is what specifies the order and number of amino acids and, therefore, the shape and function of the protein.
  7. X chromosome
    the sex chromosome that is present in both sexes: singly in males and doubly in females
    On the other hand, a recessive allele will be expressed only if there are two identical copies of that allele, or for a male, if one copy is present on the X chromosome.
  8. purine
    a colorless crystalline organic base containing nitrogen
    A DNA chain is made up of four chemical bases: adenine (A) and guanine (G), which are called purines, and cytosine (C) and thymine (T), referred to as pyrimidines.
  9. dominant gene
    gene that produces the same phenotype in the organism whether or not its allele identical
    Just how the dominant allele overshadows the other allele depends on the gene, but in some cases the dominant gene produces a gene product that the other allele does not.
  10. achondroplasia
    an inherited skeletal disorder beginning before birth
    Well-known dominant alleles occur in the human genes for Huntington disease, a form of dwarfism called achondroplasia, and polydactylism (extra fingers and toes).
  11. sickle cell
    an abnormal red blood cell that has a crescent shape and an abnormal form of hemoglobin
    Examples of recessive disorders in humans include sickle cell anemia, Tay-Sachs disease, and phenylketonuria (PKU).
  12. night blindness
    inability to see clearly in dim light
    These include the genes for hemophilia, red-green color blindness, and congenital night blindness.
  13. aerobic
    depending on free oxygen or air
    The independent aerobic function of these organelles is thought to have evolved from bacteria that lived inside of other simple organisms in a mutually beneficial, or symbiotic, relationship, providing them with aerobic capacity.
  14. red blood cell
    a mature blood cell that contains hemoglobin to carry oxygen to the bodily tissues; a biconcave disc that has no nucleus
    Hemoglobin transports oxygen to our tissues via red blood cells.
  15. enzyme
    a complex protein produced by cells that acts as a catalyst
    Each cell contains thousands of different proteins: enzymes that make new molecules and catalyze nearly all chemical processes in cells; structural components that give cells their shape and help them move; hormones that transmit signals throughout the body; antibodies that recognize foreign molecules; and transport molecules that carry oxygen.
  16. Tay-Sachs disease
    a hereditary disorder of lipid metabolism occurring most frequently in individuals of Jewish descent in eastern Europe; accumulation of lipids in nervous tissue results in death in early childhood
    Examples of recessive disorders in humans include sickle cell anemia, Tay-Sachs disease, and phenylketonuria (PKU).
  17. Sachs disease
    a hereditary disorder of lipid metabolism occurring most frequently in individuals of Jewish descent in eastern Europe; accumulation of lipids in nervous tissue results in death in early childhood
    Examples of recessive disorders in humans include sickle cell anemia, Tay-Sachs disease, and phenylketonuria (PKU).
  18. bone marrow
    the fatty network of connective tissue that fills the cavities of bones
    By birth, red blood cells are being produced, and globin is expressed in the bone marrow.
  19. symbiotic
    of organisms living together, especially to mutual advantage
    The independent aerobic function of these organelles is thought to have evolved from bacteria that lived inside of other simple organisms in a mutually beneficial, or symbiotic, relationship, providing them with aerobic capacity.
  20. blood cell
    either of two types of cells (erythrocytes and leukocytes) and sometimes including platelets
    Hemoglobin transports oxygen to our tissues via red blood cells.
  21. mutant
    an animal that has undergone mutation
    The individual in whom such a nonpenetrant mutant gene exists will be phenotypically normal but still capable of passing the deleterious gene on to offspring, who may exhibit the full-blown disease.
  22. cardiovascular system
    the organs and tissues involved in circulating blood and lymph through the body
    Individuals with Marfan's syndrome exhibit abnormalities in their eyes, skeletal system, and cardiovascular system.
Created on 五月 14, 2009 (updated 八月 26, 2009)

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