KentScience

Kent F.
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  1. intron
    sequence of a eukaryotic gene's DNA that is not translated into a protein
    The Core Gene Sequence: Introns and Exons

    Genes make up about 1 percent of the total DNA in our genome.
  2. ribose
    a pentose sugar important as a component of ribonucleic acid
    However, the ribose sugar component of RNA is slightly different chemically than that of DNA. RNA has a 2' oxygen atom that is not present in DNA. Other fundamental structural differences exist.
  3. allele
    any of the forms of a gene that can occupy the same locus
    Methylation also plays an important role in genomic imprinting, which occurs when both maternal and paternal alleles are present but only one allele is expressed while the other remains inactive.
  4. globin
    a colorless protein obtained by removing heme from hemoglobin; the oxygen carrying compound in red blood cells
    The Globin Genes: An Example of Transcriptional Regulation

    An example of transcriptional control occurs in the family of genes responsible for the production of globin.
  5. codon
    a specific sequence of three adjacent nucleotides on a strand of DNA or RNA that specifies the genetic code information for synthesizing a particular amino acid
    Here the mRNA is translated into protein by decoding the mRNA sequence in blocks of three RNA bases, called codons, where each codon specifies a particular amino acid.
  6. meiosis
    cell division that produces reproductive cells
    Meiosis is the mode of cell replication for the formation of sperm and egg cells in plants, animals, and many other multicellular life forms.
  7. mutation
    a change or alteration in form or qualities
    There are many diseases caused by mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA).
  8. deoxyribose
    a sugar that is a constituent of nucleic acids
    In a DNA chain, every base is attached to a sugar molecule (deoxyribose) and a phosphate molecule, resulting in a nucleic acid or nucleotide.
  9. mitosis
    the process by which a cell divides into two new cells
    Cells that compose tissues in multicellular organisms typically replicate by organized duplication and spatial separation of their cellular genetic material, a process called mitosis.
  10. haploid
    (genetics) an organism or cell having only one complete set of chromosomes
    Hence, gametes are said to be haploid-having only a single set of homologous chromosomes.
  11. serine
    a sweetish crystalline amino acid involved in the synthesis by the body of cysteine
    For example, the amino acid serine is encoded by UCU, UCC, UCA, and/or UCG. This redundancy is key to accommodating mutations that occur naturally as DNA is replicated and new cells are produced.
  12. amino acid
    organic compounds containing an amino group and acid group
    Proteins are long chains containing as many as 20 different kinds of amino acids.
  13. genome
    the full DNA sequence of an organism
    WHAT IS A GENOME?
  14. sequence
    a following of one thing after another in time
    Today we know that a single gene consists of a unique sequence of DNA that provides the complete instructions to make a functional product, called a protein.
  15. repressor
    an agent that represses
    Other regulatory sequences include activators, repressors, and enhancers.
  16. mosaicism
    the condition in which an organism has two or more cell populations that differ in genetic makeup
    In this case, somatic mosaicism may be the culprit.
  17. genetic
    relating to the study of heredity and variation in organisms
    The Physical Structure of the Human Genome

    Nuclear DNA

    Inside each of our cells lies a nucleus, a membrane-bounded region that provides a sanctuary for genetic information.
  18. somatic
    characteristic of the body as opposed to the mind or spirit
    Mutations that occur in somatic cells-any cell in the body except gametes and their precursors-will not be passed on to the next generation.
  19. melanin
    insoluble pigments that account for the color of e.g. skin and scales and feathers
    If a mutation affecting melanin production occurred in one of the cells in the cell lineage of one eye but not the other, then the eyes would have different genetic potential for melanin synthesis.
  20. molecule
    the simplest structural unit of an element or compound
    In a DNA chain, every base is attached to a sugar molecule (deoxyribose) and a phosphate molecule, resulting in a nucleic acid or nucleotide.
Created on 十一月 18, 2009

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