Computer and Information Ethics

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Full list of words from this list:

words only definitions & notes
  1. data structure
    the organization of data
    More precisely, [any existing entity] will be a discrete, self-contained, encapsulated package containing

    i.the appropriate data structures, which constitute the nature of the entity in question, that is, the state of the object, its unique identity and its attributes; and
    ii.a collection of operations, functions, or procedures, which are activated by various interactions or stimuli (that is, messages received from other objects or changes within itself) and correspondingly define...
  2. object code
    the machine-language output of a compiler that is ready for execution on a particular computer
    One can own the following aspects of a program:

    1.The “source code” which is written by the programmer(s) in a high-level computer language like Java or C++.
    2.The “object code”, which is a machine-language translation of the source code.
    3.The “algorithm”, which is the sequence of machine commands that the source code and object code represent.
    4.The “look and feel” of a program, which is the way the program appears on the screen and interfaces with users.
  3. ethics
    motivation based on ideas of right and wrong
    “Computer and information ethics”, in the broadest sense of this phrase, can be understood as that branch of applied ethics which studies and analyzes such social and ethical impacts of ICT. The present essay concerns this broad new field of applied ethics.
  4. information technology
    the branch of engineering that deals with the use of computers and telecommunications to retrieve and store and transmit information
    The founder of this new philosophical field was the American scholar Norbert Wiener, a professor of mathematics and engineering at MIT. During the Second World War, together with colleagues in America and Great Britain, Wiener helped to develop electronic computers and other new and powerful information technologies.
  5. computer
    a machine for performing calculations automatically
    “Computer and information ethics”, in the broadest sense of this phrase, can be understood as that branch of applied ethics which studies and analyzes such social and ethical impacts of ICT. The present essay concerns this broad new field of applied ethics.
  6. entropy
    a numerical measure of the uncertainty of an outcome
    Such damage or destruction Floridi calls “entropy”, and it results in partial “empoverishment of the infosphere”.
  7. cybernetics
    a science concerned with communication and control processes
    While engaged in this war effort, Wiener and colleagues created a new branch of applied science that Wiener named “cybernetics” (from the Greek word for the pilot of a ship).
  8. teleworking
    employment at home while communicating with the workplace by phone or fax or modem
    The issues that he identified in those two books, plus his later book God and Golem, Inc. (1963), included topics that are still important today: computers and security, computers and unemployment, responsibilities of computer professionals, computers for persons with disabilities, computers and religion, information networks and globalization, virtual communities, teleworking, merging of human bodies with machines, robot ethics, artificial intelligence, and a number of other subjects.
  9. intellectual property
    intangible property that is the result of creativity
    Intellectual Property
    ◦2.5
  10. professional organization
    an organization of and for professional people
    During the past several decades, the robust and rapidly growing field of computer and information ethics has generated new university courses, research professorships, research centers, conferences, workshops, professional organizations, curriculum materials, books and journals.

    •1.
  11. algorithm
    a precise rule specifying how to solve some problem
    One can own the following aspects of a program:

    1.The “source code” which is written by the programmer(s) in a high-level computer language like Java or C++.
    2.The “object code”, which is a machine-language translation of the source code.
    3.The “algorithm”, which is the sequence of machine commands that the source code and object code represent.
    4.The “look and feel” of a program, which is the way the program appears on the screen and interfaces with users.
  12. source code
    program instructions written as an ASCII text file
    One can own the following aspects of a program:

    1.The “source code” which is written by the programmer(s) in a high-level computer language like Java or C++.
    2.The “object code”, which is a machine-language translation of the source code.
    3.The “algorithm”, which is the sequence of machine commands that the source code and object code represent.
    4.The “look and feel” of a program, which is the way the program appears on the screen and interfaces with users.
  13. malleability
    the property of material that can be shaped without breaking
    (Moor, 1985, 269)
    The logical malleability of computer technology, said Moor, makes it possible for people to do a vast number of things that they were not able to do before.
Created on 五月 25, 2010

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